|
Vitamin or Mineral
|
Physical Signs of Deficiency
|
Vitamin
Overdose Side Effects
|
|
Vitamin A
|
- Hair follicle blockage with a permanent “goose-bump” appearance
- Dry, rough, skin
- Small, grayish, foamy deposits on the conjunctiva adjacent to the cornea
- Drying of the eyes and mucous membranes
- Night blindness
- Decreased immunity
|
- Headache
- Birth defects
- Liver problems
- Osteoporosis and bone problems
- Central nervous system disorders
- Dry, scaly skin
- Yellow/orange skin with toxicity of betacarotene
|
|
Vitamin D
|
- Weakness of muscles
- Hypocalcemia
- Decreased bone density
|
- Hypercalcemia
- Weakness
- Calcifications in the kidney and other soft tissues
- Polyuria
- Arrhythmias
|
|
Vitamin E
|
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Impaired immune system
- Ataxia, eye issues
- Red blood cell problems
|
- Bleeding
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- Premature death
- Diarrhea
|
|
Vitamin K
|
- Small hemorrhages in the skin or mucous membranes
- Bleeding
- Decreased bone density
|
- Blood clots
- Impairs action of anticoagulants
|
|
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
|
- Weight loss
- Muscular wasting
- Sometimes edema (wet beriberi)
- Malaise
- Tense calf muscles
- Distended neck veins
- Jerky movement of eyes
- Staggering gait and difficulty walking
- Round, swollen (moon) face
- Foot and wrist drop
|
- No toxicity risk as been determined
|
|
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
|
- Tearing, burning, and itching of the eyes with fissuring in the corners of the eyes
- Soreness and burning of the lips, mouth, and tongue with fissuring and/or cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth
- Purple swollen tongue
- Seborrhea of the skin in the nasolabial folds, scrotum, or vulva
- Capillary overgrowth around the corneas
|
- No toxicity risk as been determined
|
|
Vitamin B3
(Niacin)
|
- Dermatitis or skin eruptions
- Tremors
- Sore tongue
- Skin that is exposed to sunlight will develop cracks and a scaly form of dermatitis with pigmentation
- May also show signs of riboflavin deficiency
|
- Stomach pain
- Flushing
- Yellow skin (jaundice)
- Blurred vision
- Hyperglycemia
|
|
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
|
- Tongue inflammation
- Inflammation of the lining of the mouth
- Fissures in the corners of the mouth
- Microcytic anemia
|
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Sensory ataxia, impairment of sensation of vibrations
- Decreased sense of touch, temperature, and pain
|
|
Folate
|
- Weakness, fatigue, and depression
- Change in skin, hair and fingernail pigmentation
- Dermatologic lesions
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Soreness and ulcerations in the tongue and oral mucosa
|
- Provokes seizures in those taking anti-convulsion medications
- Masks vitamin B12 deficiency
|
|
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
|
- Smooth, red, thickened tongue
- Megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, weakness
- Numbness and tingling of extremities
|
- No toxicity risk as been determined
|
|
Vitamin C
|
- Impaired wound healing
- Edema
- Swollen, bleeding, and/or retracted gums or tooth loss; mottled teeth; enamel erosion
- Lethargy and fatigue
- Skin lesions
- Small red or purplish pinpoint discolorations on the skin or mucous membranes (petechiae)
- Darkened skin around the hair follicles
- Corkscrew hair or unemerged, coiled hair
|
- Acidic urine, nausea, and diarrhea
- Impaired antioxidant-prooxidant balance in the body
- Iron overload in patients with thalassemia or hemochromatosis
|
|
Iron
|
- Skin pallor
- Pale conjuctivia
- Fatigue
- Thin, concave nails with raised edges
|
- Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
- Difficulty breathing
- Vertigo
- Headache
- Appetite loss
- Grey color to skin
- High doses may interact with calcium and zinc
|
|
Zinc
|
- Delayed wound healing
- Hair loss
- Skin lesions
- Eye lesions
- Nasolabial seborrhea
- Impaired growth
- Appetite loss, taste changes
|
- General body pain
- Vomiting/diarrhea/nausea
- Fever
- Metallic taste
- No urine output
- Shortness of breath
- High doses may interact with iron and copper
|
|
Copper
|
- Hair and skin depigmentation
- Pallor
|
- Stomach pain
- Vomiting/diarrhea
- Coughing
- Yellow skin (jaundice)
- Fever
- Chills
- Metallic taste
- Soreness of muscles
- No urine output
|
|
Calcium
|
- Muscle cramps
- Convulsions
- Lethargy
- Abnormal heart rhythm
- Decreased bone density
|
- Constipation
- Kidney stones
- High doses may interact with iron and copper
|
